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DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605
DTSTAMP:20260731T062217
CREATED:20191106T152332Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20200605T071006Z
UID:8312-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu
SUMMARY:San Michele di Ganzaria phytodepuration plant
DESCRIPTION:San Michele di Ganzaria phytodepuration plant\n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			\n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			 \nWaste water source\nMunicipal wastewater is collected from the houses of San Michele di Ganzaria (11\,000 population equivalent). From 2001\, the treated effluent from the conventional wastewater treatment plant of San Michele di Ganzaria was further followed with a tertiary treatment including two horizontal subsurface flow (H-SSF) constructed wetlands (CWs). The phytodepuration process’ water quality is monitored by chemical (nitrogen\, phosphorus\, BOD5\, COD\, SST) and microbiological parameters (E. coli\, Salmonella\, fecal Coliforms\, Enterococcus faecalis). \n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			 \nDistribution System\nThe treated water is pumped to a nearby uphill reservoir\, and from there distributed through underground pipes. \n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			 \nFarming system\nVarious types of experiments took place with the reclaimed water from San Michele di Ganzaria. \nFrom March 2001\, the reclaimed water effluent was applied to 150 ha of nearby located olive orchards. Irrigation is performed with surface irrigation. \nFrom 2004 to 2009 an experiment was conducted on tomato crops with  4 different types of drip irrigation systems. \nFrom 2008 to 2009 an experiment was conducted irrigating eggplants (by surface drip irrigation) and tomato plants (by surface drip irrigation). \n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			 \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Phytodepuration: four horizontal subsurface flow (H-SSF) constructed wetlands treat the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater. The vegetation of the constructed wetlands was Phragmites sp. A decrease in both physicochemical and microbiological parameters was observed \n\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : Phytodepuration (see above)\nSuspended solids removal : none\nOther : \n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			 \nCapacity\nThe phytodepuration beds have a capacity of about 800 m³/day. The used storage basins have a total volume of 25\,300 m³. The facility works all year round and all the treated water is used only for irrigation purposes. \n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			 \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe irrigated area covers about 80 ha\, serving 10 local farms. \n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			 \nCosts\nThe operational cost is about 2\,000\,000 euros and the maintenance cost is being defined. \n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			 \nType of agreement\nCurrently local farmers have organized themselves by establishing a consortium. The agreement between the municipality and the farmers' consortium in currently under development. \n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			 \nScientific results\nA five-year monitoring study (from 2001 to 2005) (Cirelli et al.\, 2007) of the horizontal subsurface flow (H-SSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) showed  a good performance of the tertiary treatment. Parameters of TSS\, BOD\, COD\, Total N and Total P of the effluent met the Italian standards for agricultural irrigation use. Although the constructed wetland could achieve a sufficient removal of Salmonella\, barely 15% of the sample matched the E.Coli limits for irrigation reuse. \nAnother experiment (Cirelli et al.\, 2012) applying the reclaimed water in 2008 and 2009 to vegetable crops showed good results for tomato crops (22% higher yields) irrigated with subsurface drip emitters. The eggplants showed water stress due to clogging of the surface drippers (due to high levels of calcium carbonate and pH). \nThe six-year long trial (Aiello et al.\, 2013) assessing the risk related to reclaimed water irrigation of tomato crops concluded the following: “The TWW distribution along the irrigation seasons significantly affected soil hygienic features especially in the soil top layer. However\, a soil quality recovery was observed during the winter periods. No significant contamination was found on tomato fruits not in contact with soil and plastic mulching\, whereas a not negligible E. coli content was recorded under the worst-case condition of fruit growth in contact with the irrigated soil.” \n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			 \nScientific results references\nCirelli\, G. L.\, Consoli\, S.\, Di Grande\, V.\, Milani\, M.\, & Toscano\, A. (2007). Subsurface constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and reuse in agriculture: Five years of experiences in Sicily\, Italy. Water Science and Technology\, 56(3)\, 183–191. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.498 \nCirelli\, G. L.\, Consoli\, S.\, Licciardello\, F.\, Aiello\, R.\, Giuffrida\, F.\, & Leonardi\, C. (2012). Treated municipal wastewater reuse in vegetable production. Agricultural Water Management\, 104\, 163–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2011.12.011 \nVentura\, D.\, Barbagallo\, S.\, Consoli\, S.\, Ferrante\, M.\, Milani\, M.\, Licciardello\, F.\, & Cirelli\, G. L. (2019). On the performance of a pilot hybrid constructed wetland for stormwater recovery in Mediterranean climate. Water Science and Technology\, 79(6)\, 1051–1059. doi: 10.2166/wst.2019.103 \nVentura\, D.\, Consoli\, S.\, Barbagallo\, S.\, Marzo\, A.\, Vanella\, D.\, Licciardello\, F.\, & Cirelli\, G. (2019). How to Overcome Barriers for Wastewater Agricultural Reuse in Sicily (Italy)? Water\, 11(2)\, 335. doi: 10.3390/w11020335 \nRusso\, N.\, Marzo\, A.\, Randazzo\, C.\, Caggia\, C.\, Toscano\, A.\, & Cirelli\, G. L. (2019). Constructed wetlands combined with disinfection systems for removal of urban wastewater contaminants. Science of The Total Environment\, 656\, 558–566. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.417 \nLicciardello\, F.\, Milani\, M.\, Consoli\, S.\, Pappalardo\, N.\, Barbagallo\, S.\, & Cirelli\, G. (2018). Wastewater tertiary treatment options to match reuse standards in agriculture. Agricultural Water Management\, 210\, 232–242. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.08.001 \nRamírez-Cuesta\, J.\, Vanella\, D.\, Consoli\, S.\, Motisi\, A.\, & Minacapilli\, M. (2018). A satellite stand-alone procedure for deriving net radiation by using SEVIRI and MODIS products. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation\, 73\, 786–799. doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2018.08.018 \nCastorina\, A.\, Consoli\, S.\, Barbagallo\, S.\, Branca\, F.\, Farag\, A.\, Licciardello\, F.\, & Cirelli\, G. (2015). Assessing environmental impacts of constructed wetland effluents for vegetable crop irrigation. International Journal of Phytoremediation\, 18(6)\, 626–633. doi: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1086298 \nAiello\, R.\, Cirelli\, G. L.\, Consoli\, S.\, Licciardello\, F.\, & Toscano\, A. (2013). Risk assessment of treated municipal wastewater reuse in Sicily. Water Science and Technology\, 67(1)\, 89–98. doi: 10.2166/wst.2012.535 \nToscano\, A.\, Hellio\, C.\, Marzo\, A.\, Milani\, M.\, Lebret\, K.\, Cirelli\, G. L.\, & Langergraber\, G. (2013). Removal efficiency of a constructed wetland combined with ultrasound and UV devices for wastewater reuse in agriculture. Environmental Technology\, 34(15)\, 2327–2336. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2013.767284 \nM\, Politeo & Borin\, Maurizio & Milani\, Mirco & Toscano\, Attilio & Molari\, G. (2011). Production and energy value of phragmites australis obtainedfrom two constructed wetlands. 19th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition\, 6-10 June 2011\, Berlin\, Germany \nToscano\, A.\, Langergraber\, G.\, Consoli\, S.\, & Cirelli\, G. L. (2009). Modelling pollutant removal in a pilot-scale two-stage subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering\, 35(2)\, 281–289. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.07.011 \nAiello\, R.\, Cirelli\, G. L.\, & Consoli\, S. (2007). Effects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation on soil and tomato fruits: A case study in Sicily (Italy). Agricultural Water Management\, 93(1-2)\, 65–72. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2007.06.008 \nBarbagallo\, S. \, Cirelli\, G. L.\, Consoli\, S.\, Faro\, G.\, Giammarco\, G.\, Indelicato\, S.\, Pignato\, S.\, Toscano\, A. (2003) LA FITODEPURAZIONE DI ACQUE REFLUE URBANE PER IL RIUSO A SCOPO IRRIGUO: UN CASO STUDIO SICILIANO. Ingegneria Ambientale XXXII 34-40 \n  \n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			Additional information\nPDF:\nhttps://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/54.-Agricultural-wastewater-reuse-in-sicily.pdf" title="54. Agricultural wastewater reuse in sicily
URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/san-michele-di-ganzeria/
LOCATION:Italy
CATEGORIES:Initiative
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ganzeria1.png
GEO:37.292642;14.421951
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