BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//Suwanu - ECPv4.9.10//NONSGML v1.0//EN CALSCALE:GREGORIAN METHOD:PUBLISH X-WR-CALNAME:Suwanu X-ORIGINAL-URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Suwanu BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:Europe/Madrid BEGIN:STANDARD TZOFFSETFROM:+0100 TZOFFSETTO:+0100 TZNAME:CET DTSTART:20500101T000000 END:STANDARD END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20190604T083108Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191213T110157Z UID:7249-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Reclaimed water for irrigation of olive trees and grapes originating from the city of Iraklion\, Crete. DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe wastewater treatment plant of Iraklion receives and treats urban wastewater from the greater Iraklion town complex (“Iraklion”\, “Nea Alikarnassos” and “Gazi”). The total incoming load (annual average) is 11.20 kg BOD/day. The total incoming flow is 32\,960 m³/day. The average daily allowance in winter time is 30\,530 m³/day\, while 47\,089 m³/day in the summer. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe reclamation facility of Iraklion includes the biological unit of the city\, a large complex of central separating conduits\, secondary drains and also pumping stations built below ground level. The pumping station is equipped with submersible pumps capable of safely guiding the course of the reclaimed water. The pipeline is 3.855 meters long and the undersea pipeline is 12 meters and stays within a radius of 1 km from the coast with diffusion through diffusers. There are also two biological reactors for the wastewater treatment (anoxic and aerobic 2 x 2\,009 m³ = 4\,018 m³). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe reclaimed water is used to irrigate cultivated areas with grapes\, mainly raisins and currants\, as well as grapes for wine production and table grapes. The reclaimed water is used to a lesser extent for the irrigation of olive trees in the settlement of ‘Profitis Elias’\, located at the southwest of the city of Iraklion. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal - Filtration-flocculation unit\nPesticide removal\nDesinfection - microfiltration\, Ultraviolet disinfection (UV) with open type channel\nSuspended solids removal\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nIn 2012\, the wastewater treatment plant was initially designed for 170.000 population equivalents (pe). The capacity will increase to 257.000 pe by 2032. The daily water in summer and sewage effluent was calculated for the year 2012 at 33\,000 m³ and estimated for the year 2032 at 52\,700 m³. The effluent from the tertiary treatment the irrigation of agricultural land counts 9\,500 m3/day. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe extent of the agricultural land which is benefitted from the treated wastewater is 570 ha. Of all the crops\, 62.61% is irrigated with reclaimed water. Additional irrigation sources are water stored in reservoirs (17.92%)\, well water (11.75%) and water from drilling (7.71%). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe cost of reclaimed water is below 0.5 euro/m3. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nRoditakis\, A. (2018). Urban underwater management. The case of the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Heraklion\, Crete. Evaluation of the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20473.11369 \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/heraklion/ LOCATION:Greece ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/WWTP_Iraklio-14_57_91.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20190724T111318Z LAST-MODIFIED:20200604T162511Z UID:7656-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Agricultural water reclamation of sugar refinery process water DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n AquaRo II\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe sugar refinery in Uelzen produces about 600\,000 m³/year of process water\, mainly in the period from September to January. This process water  can be used for irrigation purposes. Sugar beets consist of about 75 % water. A large fraction of this water is used as process water\, a small fraction goes as vapour to the atmosphere. The process water has a COD of about 200 mg  O2/L. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nA 7\,5 km pressure pipe was installed for the charging of the storage reservoir. From the storage basin to the tapping points\, the water is distributed via 17 km pressure pipes. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe farmers using the water mostly cultivate grain\, energy crops\, sugar beets and rape seed. All the farmers practice rotational farming. Regarding the irrigation practice the arable land is irrigated via hose drum and sprinklers. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : none\nPesticide removal : none\nDesinfection : none\nSuspended solids removal : sedimentation\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe process water coming from the sugar refinery is stored in an open reservoir with a volume of  400\,000 m³. The stored process water stabilizes from February to April. After which it is analyzed and is finally authorized for irrigation. A pump with a capacity of 1\,500 m³/h is responsible for charging the storage reservoir. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe area provided with reclaimed water is about 2\,500 ha. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe farmers that use the irrigation network pay for each m³ irrigation water (0.20 €/m³). The costs for charging the storage reservoir are paid by the sugar refinery. The implementation costs for building storage reservoir and distribution systems were 5.2 million euros. The capital costs are 60 €/ha per year. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nThe farmers of the initiative receive 30 mm/ha reclaimed water and skip in return the groundwater extraction of 10 mm/ha which is now available for non-initiative farmers. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/water-reclamation-of-sugar-refinary-process-water/ LOCATION:Germany CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Wasser-Boden-Uelzen-Speicher-Borg-1-11_38_81.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20190916T120142Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191128T125547Z UID:7697-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Water reclamation of urban waste water DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Water reclamation of urban waste water\n\n \n \n\n \n \n Wastewater Association Braunschweig\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe wastewater treatment plant Steinhof treats the urban wastewater coming from Braunschweig. In addition to the wastewater from the urban households there are 377 indirect dischargers (hospitals\, dental surgeries…). The industry in Braunschweig is very heterogeneous so that about 15 different branches of industry discharge their wastewater into the sewerage. Most of the cities sewerage has a separate system but the city center of Braunschweig has a combined system which leads to a mixture of household wastewater and stormwater. The COD of the raw influent is about 840 mg O2/l\, the concentration of particular components is 290 mg/l. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nFrom the reclamation facility the reclaimed water is first distributed via gravity-flow pipes to four pumping stations located in the agricultural fields of the Wastewater Association Braunschweig. Pressure pipes transport the reclaimed water from the pumping stations to the irrigations systems. The irrigation system consists of a hose drum with a classic sprinkler at the end\, which can cover a radius of 3\,000 - 5\,000 m². The hose drums and the sprinklers are shifted regularly  by employees of Wastewater Association Braunschweig. The pipe network has a total length of 130 kilometers which distributes the reclaimed water to 1\,350 tapping points. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe farmers using the reclaimed water mostly cultivate grain (44 %)\, energy crops (32 %)\, sugar beets (17 %) and potatoes (4 %). All the farmers practice rotating farming. The reclaimed water coming from the wastewater treatment plant Steinhof is distributed via pumping stations to all fields. In the field itself\, a with a sprinkler is used for irrigation. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Struvite precipitation and nitrogen stripping\nPesticide removal : none\nDesinfection : none\nSuspended solids removal : yes\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe wastewater treatment plant Steinhof has a capacity of 2\,160 m³/hfrom February till October. The volume of the reclaimed water used for irrigation from February till October represents 10 hm³. The volume of digested sludge which is irrigated together with the reclaimed water is 65\,000 m³/year. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe area provided with the reclaimed water is about 2\,700 ha. More than 100 farmers are provided with reclaimed water. The average crop yield of grain is about 30 ton/ha\, the crop yield of energy crops (maize) is about 50 ton/ha. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nIn 2018 the operational and maintenance costs of the reclamation facility were about 11 million euros. The irrigation system costs about 6 million euros. The farmers receiving the reclaimed water pay 80-110 €/ha. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/urban-wastewater/ LOCATION:Germany CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/5a-e1574157862321.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191029T085728Z LAST-MODIFIED:20200602T071002Z UID:8097-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Reclaimed water for vineyard irrigation in Mediterranean context DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Reclaimed water for vineyard irrigation in Mediterranean context\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe source is domestic wastewater from a small (2\,000 person equivalents) wastewater treatment plant in the region of Roquefort-des-Corbières. BRL exploitation\, initially called ‘Compagnie Nationale d'Aménagement de la Région du Bas Rhône et du Languedoc’\, is the operator of the plant. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe wastewater flows to a buffer container with a 12 m³/h pump which charges a storage basin of 3\,000 m³. Thereafter\, the wastewater is drawn from the basin using a submerged pump and undergoes filtration and chlorination. The reclaimed water is distributed via a pressurized piping system. Irrigation is then performed using subsurface drip irrigation. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe reclaimed water is applied to the crops through drip irrigation. In general the drip irrigation system is also used to apply fertilizers (fertigation) and phytosanitary products. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Activated sludge\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : Chlorination and filtration\nSuspended solids removal : Chemical coagulation\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe wastewater treatment plants discharge is about 100 to 300 m³/day. The clean water is used for irrigation purposes from June to mid-August. About 500 to 600 m³/ha/year is foreseen\, which results in a total delivery of 6\,000 to 7\,200 m³/year. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe extent of the agricultural land benefitting from the reclaimed water is 12 ha. The irrigated area is divided in smaller plots over nine different farms. The average yield for the wineries is about 70 to 80 hl/ha. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nOPEX : Around 250€/Ha/year \nCAPEX : Not known \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\n\n\n\nThe farmers are organized within an irrigators union. BRL exploitation operates the wastewater treatment and the reclamation plant. It is also responsible for the water quality\, storage and water delivery to the plots. \nFarmers are responsible for the disinfection of the irrigation pipes at the end of the irrigation season.\n\n\n\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nThe legal authorization document can be downloaded here (French only) \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/reclaimed-water-vineyard-mediterranean/ LOCATION:France CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/1-1.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191104T081825Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191119T125931Z UID:8107-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Irrigation with dam recharge and reclaimed water from urban wastewater treatment plant DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Irrigation with dam recharge and reclaimed water from urban wastewater treatment plant\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe water originates from the urban wastewater treatment plant of Hisarya\, which started operation in 2011. The plant can process up to 1\,500 kg/day as BOD5\, a total nitrogen load of 275 kg/day and a total phosphorus load 45 kg/day. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\n‘Irrigation systems’ EAD (Maritsa Branch) owns and manages many facilities for irrigation purposes on the territory of the municipality of Hisarya. Several irrigation channels pass through the municipality: the main one starts from the “Blue River” reservoir and goes to the East and West. The most important is the Lesichovo – Pyasatsnik channel. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe distribution system with gravitational flow delivers water for irrigation of permanent crops\, maize and vegetables (tomato\, watermelon\, etc.). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : The wastewater treatment plant uses three sequencing batch reactors\, three aeration basins (SBR) with aerobic stabilization of sludge\, a dewatering machine (centrifuge) and conditioning with lime. They all work together to biologically clean the water. The sewage sludge is composted with wood chips and straw in the same plant.\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : see nutrient removal\nSuspended solids removal : none\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe wastewater treatment plant of Hisarya can handle a daily load of 10\,000 to 25\,000 person equivalents (p.e.) which correlates to 7\,250 m³. The maximum inflow is 453 m3/h in dry weather\, in wet weather the flow reaches 1\,080 m³/h. The annual discharged quantity of water represents a volume of 1\,400\,000 m³. The reclaimed water is discharged into the reservoir of the “Blue river” dam\, after which it is used for irrigation purposes. The reservoir is also used to breed fish (carp\, silver carp…). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nAs an example\, Vila Hisar irrigates 12.6 ha of vineyards through channels\, while Argil Ltd. irrigates 100 ha of vineyards. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe expansion\, reconstruction and modernization of the wastewater treatment plant of Hisarya as well as construction of a sewerage network needed 9.5 million euro. According to the owners website\, the cost of urban wastewater treatment is 0.255 €/m³\, while the industrial waste water with “level of contamination 1” is treated at a cost of 0.30 €/m³\, “level of contamination 2” – 0.438 €/m³ and “level of contamination 3” – 0.575 €/m³. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\n\n\n\nThe ‘Irrigation systems’ EAD (Maritsa branch) supplies and sells water for irrigation\, industry and fish ponds. End-users pay an irrigation cost.  The Minister of Agriculture and Food determines the cost for the next irrigational season issuing an order with the approved price for the service\, this is done on a yearly basis. The price for the first watering is 3.58 euro/ha (VAT excl.)\, while for additional water quantities the price is 0.056 euro/m3. The irrigation association uses a private pumping station to transfer water quantities between users.\n\n\n\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nMihaylova D\, Prokopov Ts\, Mihalkov N. 2014. Hydrobiological Investigation of the Activated Sludge from Sequencing Batch Reactors of WWTP – Hisarya\, Ecologica Balcanica\, 5: 41-47\, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299600792 \nAnalysis of the results coming from WWTP-Hisaryas operation shows that it is designed and built future proof. The modern wastewater treatment plant has all the qualities to work reliably for many years. The massive presence of positive bioindicators and the rare presence or absence of undesirable bioindicators indicates that the aeration basins works well and microorganisms are able to purify the water to a sufficient degree. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/dam-recharge-irrigation-municipal/ LOCATION:Bulgaria CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/2.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191104T095340Z LAST-MODIFIED:20200602T071255Z UID:8123-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Development of suitable techniques for reclaimed water in rural areas DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Development of suitable techniques for reclaimed water in rural areas\n\n \n \n\n \n \n RUR'EAUX\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe wastewater comes from the wastewater treatment plant of Saint-Jean-de-Cornies which treats domestic wastewater. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe effluents discharged from the wastewater treatment plant will be dispatched to a disinfection unit. The effluent destined to go through UV disinfection and electro-oxidation will be filtered before these disinfection systems. The reclaimed water from the disinfection systems will be stored in small containers before irrigation.  Concerning irrigation practices\, drip and sprinkler irrigation will be implemented. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThis demonstration will be performed on fodder crops and vegetables at research facilities. The RUR’EAUX project will not supply water to farms. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : none\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : RUR’EAUX platform aims at testing sanitation and disinfection technologies and putting them into practice for rural water reuse. Four different modules based on a gravity membrane\, an electro-oxidation (EO)\, an aerated reed bed filter and UV are first being implemented to intend a total purification of the wastewater.\nSuspended solids removal : The original plant is a 1-stage vertical reed bed filter\, the treated water is discharged into a small creek after treatment.\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe capacity of the wastewater treatment plant is 60 m³/day (from which 70 % will be used for the project). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe experiment will be performed on lysimetric containers and micro-plots (25 m²). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe total cost of the project is 800\,000 euros. The cost of reclaiming the water is yet unknown. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nThe initiative has an explorational status. The consortium set up a consortium agreement between the project partners. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nPeer-reviewed papers \nAfter treatment the RUR’EAUX platform enables :\n(1) to monitor and compare water quality evolutions into different storage conditions.\n(2) to test irrigation materials tailored for water reuse.\n(3) to monitor\, thanks to equipped lysimetric containers and test fields micro-plots\, the impacts of water reuse on soils\, crops and drainage water\, especially on long term effects of salinity. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nCost-efficiency of all tested technologies (treatment systems\, storage and irrigation materials) in field conditions will be the key monitored indicator. The main objective of the project being to disseminate and reproduce reclamation and reuse systems that are sustainable and profitable in rural areas. \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/rureaux/ LOCATION:France CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/rur1.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191104T102752Z LAST-MODIFIED:20200602T071359Z UID:8130-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Demonstration of vineyard irrigation with reclaimed water DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Demonstration of vineyard irrigation with reclaimed water\n\n \n \n\n \n \n IRRI ALT’EAU\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nDomestic wastewater is treated by the wastewater treatment plant of Narbonne Plage which is operated by Veolia. A second wastewater treatment plant has been considered but finally aborted because of a high salinity content due to saltwater intrusion into the sewage network. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nReclaimed water is distributed through a pipe network to the plots. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nReclaimed water beneficiaries are intensively cultivated vineyards (wine production). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Wastewater is treated using a bio-filter for nutrient removal\, followed by filtration.\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : In order to fulfill different water quality standards\, two processes have been implemented. At first UV disinfection\, followed by chlorination to achieve B quality. One the other hand\, only chlorination is used to achieve C quality.\nSuspended solids removal : none\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe Narbonne plage wastewater treatment plant has an average discharge of 650 m³/day. However\, as a touristic area\, volumes increase drastically during the summer period. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThis project is divided into several stages. The experimental stage 1 involves 1.5 ha of the INRA research center of Pech Rouge. Stage 2’s objective is to investigate the effect of reclaimed water irrigation on water\, and the soil and plant interaction. The aim of stage 3 is to upscale the beneficiaries by supplying 80 ha of vineyards. This area produces grapes for the cooperative winery of Cave de Gruissan. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe total cost of the project is 1.7 million euros. The cost of the reclaimed water is yet unknown. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nThe initiative has an explorational status. The consortium set up a consortium agreement between the project partners. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nPeer-reviewed papers and conferences: \nchebarne\, F.\, Aveni\, P.\, Escudier\, J.-L.\, & Ojeda\, H. (2019). Reuse of treated wastewater in viticulture: Can it be an alternative source of nutrient-rich water? BIO Web of Conferences\, 12\, 01009 \nSeveral studies have been performed during that project in order to highlight a potential contamination from reclaimed water to the final product and soil quality. Those studies concluded to the following results:\n(1) No impact on wine quality\n(2) No impact on soil or groundwater quality\n(3) Concentration of micropollutants below drinkable water limit\n(4) No disinfection by-products\n(5) Yield increase due to nutrient input \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nStage 1 & stage 2 are implemented and have been operational for several years. Funds are required for stage 3 upscaling. \nhttps://www.actu-environnement.com/ae/news/irrignation-vignes-eaux-traitees-station-epuration-25154.php4#video&xtor=EREC-107 \nhttps://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/10_Irrialteau-présentation-du-projet-12_4_7-1.pdf \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/irrialteau/ LOCATION:France CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/irrialteau.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191104T114052Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191119T123712Z UID:8138-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Use of reclaimed water from rose-flower distillation DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Use of reclaimed water from rose-flower distillation\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe rose distillery process mixes hot water and rose flowers in a distillation apparatus. This mixture is heated with steam to 110 °C for 150 minutes. During the process a rose distillate is produced. On the other hand\, the residues are drained to the receiving shaft where a separating screw press is fitted. A screw press separates the liquid from the solid fraction. The liquid fraction is then transported through a pump to a concrete tank for cooling. Once cooled\, it is transported by another pump via metal pipes and hoses or by tank transport to the rose lands. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe water is transported to the fields by gravity flow pipelines\, after which surface irrigation is used. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nArable farming of roses destined for extraction of rose water and oil. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : none\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : none\nSuspended solids removal : none\nOther: A screw press seperates the water from the rose pulp used for extraction of oils. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe daily wastewater flow accounts for 46.8 m³ of residue juice and 18 tons of solid fraction\, both from the production\, are released. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe irrigation is provided to 48 ha of the distilleries own crops. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe initiative is funded by the company itself. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nNo agreement is needed because the water is reused in the same company. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/rosewater-bulgaria/ LOCATION:Bulgaria CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/bulgaryroses.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191104T115010Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191119T131634Z UID:8141-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Integrated Water Reclamation and Reuse (IWRR) Management Plan of Vitoria-Gasteiz DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Integrated Water Reclamation and Reuse (IWRR) Management Plan of Vitoria-Gasteiz\n\n \n \n\n \n \n Irrigation with reclaimed water at Vitoria-Gasteiz\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe Delfín Water Reclamation facility (entrusted to the Arrato Irrigation District) receives biological secondary effluent produced by the nearby wastewater treatment facility of the city of Vitoria-Gasteiz. Vitoria-Gasteiz\, the capital of the Álava province and the headquarter of the Regional Government of the Basque Country\, has a population of about 220\,000 inhabitants and a very diverse industrial activity\, which contributes about 30 % of its wastewater flows. The city shares its water supply system with the metropolitan area of Bilbao (1 million inhabitants) by the conjunctive use of the Zadorra River reservoirs\, whose total useful capacity is 180 hm3. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe ultimate goal of Integrated Water Reclamation and Reuse Management Plan of Vitoria-Gasteiz was to store the reclaimed water produced during the fall-winter-spring period as to provide enough water for summer irrigation of 10\,000 ha (3\,300 ha effective). To reach that goal\, a provision was included for constructing an off-stream reservoir\, where the reclaimed water could be collected and stored during the non-irrigation season. Although the off-stream storage reservoir was completed in 2005\, several technical deficiencies (still to be corrected) have postponed its entering into full operation so far. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe limited water resources available in the Vitoria-Gasteiz watersheds during the summer season severely limit agricultural irrigation of the surrounding fertile plains\, at a time of the year when weather conditions resemble much to the nearby dry continental areas. The lack of local aquifers capable of storing winter precipitations has traditionally resulted in a strong competition for the highly regulated surface water flows assigned for drinking water supply to Bilbao and Vitoria-Gasteiz. Water rights for the Delfín Water Reclamation facility effluent were granted to the Arrato Irrigation District for irrigation during the summer season of 10\,000 ha of several food crops\, mostly processed vegetables (peas\, beans and potatoes). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Biological nitrogen removal (nitrification-denitrification) since 2006.\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : Combined chlorine disinfection.\nSuspended solids removal : Coagulation-flocculation\, plus ballasted lamella sedimentation and rapid sand filtration.\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe Delfín Water Reclamation facility was completed in 1994 and has a flow capacity of 35\,000 m3/day of high quality reclaimed water for unrestricted irrigation of all types of foods crops. That flow of reclaimed water represents about 50 % of the secondary effluent flow produced by the nearby municipal wastewater treatment plant during the summer season. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nAn irrigation pipe network was built to distribute the reclaimed water over 10\,000 ha of irrigated land located on the plains surrounding Vitoria-Gasteiz. The reclaimed water flow was initially allocated for irrigation of 4\,000 ha (1\,300 ha effective each summer season\, under a once-every-three-summers regime) by continuous operation of the reclamation facility during the summer season. Optimal yearly operation of the water reclamation facility was limited by the ability of the system to store the reclaimed water produced during the fall\, winter and spring seasons. In 2005\, an off-stream storage reservoir of 7 hm3 was built within the limits of the irrigation area\, as to collect and store the reclaimed water flows produced during the non-irrigation season\, so they could be subsequently used for irrigation during the summer season. However\, several technical deficiencies were detected during the initial operation of the reservoir\, preventing it from getting operational. That condition has kept the initial limit of 4\,000 ha as the maximum surface area that can be currently irrigated with reclaimed water during the summer season. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe construction investment of the Delfín Water Reclamation facility\, capable of producing 12.5 hm3/year\, was 3.25 million euros that represents a unit investment of 0.26 €/m3 of annual production capacity (1995).  The unit cost of reclaimed water at the facility site (capital plus O&M costs) was estimated at 0.065 €/m3 in 2006.  The total investment required to convey\, store and distribute 12.5 hm3 of annually produced reclaimed water was 28 million euros that represents a unit investment of 2.25 €/m3 of water annually produced. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nThe Integrated Water Reclamation and Reuse Management Plan of Vitoria-Gasteiz was a publically funded initiative from the Álava province government. The three elements of the plan (a water reclamation facility\, an irrigation pipe network and an off-stream storage reservoir) were subsequently delegated to the Arrato Irrigation District\, who is responsible for its operation and maintenance while providing water for irrigation of 10\,000 ha of farmland. Since its inception\, the Arrato Irrigation District has been covering the investment costs and the operation and maintenance costs of the facilities. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nMujeriego\, R. y López\, J. (2008). Water reuse and integrated water resources management in Vitoria-Gasteiz\, Spain. Water Practice and Technology\, Vol. 3\, Issue 2. International Water Association Publishing 2008. http://www.iwaponline.com/wpt/003/0048/0030048.pdf \nMujeriego\, R.\, and López\, J. (2006). The Azúa Valley Lake and integrated water resources in Vitoria-Gasteiz. Proceed. of the Intern. Symp. on Dams and Reservoirs\, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century\, Berga et al (eds)\, June 2006\, Barcelona. Taylor and Francis Group\, London\, Vol. 1\, pp. 117-124. ISBN; 0 415 40423 1. \nSince 1991\, water reclamation and reuse have become essential components of water resources management in Vitoria-Gasteiz\, helping the city to overcome the historical water deficits traditionally experienced. The Integrated Water Reclamation and Reuse Management Plan of Vitoria-Gasteiz produces a reliable flow of 35\,000 m3/day of high quality reclaimed water suitable for unrestricted irrigation of food crops\, in accordance to California and Spanish regulations. The options available for integrated water resources management have widely expanded over the years\, to include additional strategies such as stream water substitution\, and more effective flood control protocols for the Urrunaga-Ullibarri reservoirs system. The Integrated Water Reclamation and Reuse Management Plan of Vitoria-Gasteiz was initially proposed and promoted (1994) by agricultural users and the Diputación Foral de Álava. Although water quality requirements were based on California regulations\, in the absence of Spanish regulations at the time\, the receptiveness of the Basque Country Public Health Service and all the users involved have greatly contributed to render water reclamation and reuse a common feature of water resources management in the area. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nThere have been no known or documented negative impacts or side-effects in the region (soil\, users\, and consumers) since irrigation of foods crops with reclaimed water was started on the Vitoria-Gasteiz plains in 1994. The microbiological water quality results available from 1996 to 2006 indicate a strict compliance with the requirements of absence of total coliforms (cfu/100 mL)\, helminth eggs\, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium (micro-organisms/500 mL)\, as well as of Legionella per liter\, and of Salmonella per 100 mL. \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/irrigation-vitoria-gasteiz/ LOCATION:Spain CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/vitoria1.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191104T120747Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191119T133948Z UID:8147-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Water and agricultural research platform DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Water and agricultural research platform\n\n \n \n\n \n \n Low-cost water desalination and sensor technology compact module - DESERT\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nESAMUR is the public sanitation agency in charge of wastewater management and CADAGUA is the subcontractor responsible for conducting the water reclamation tasks. Treated wastewater effluent has an urban origin and is mainly coming from small towns and golf courses in the area. The following are some of the influent characteristics:  pH: 7.9; EC: 1.39 dS/m; Na: 169.7 mg/L; K: 28.6 mg/L; Ca: 70.2 mg/L; Mg 26.1 mg/L; NH4: 3.7 mg/L; Cl: 206.6 mg/L; SO4: 149.3 mg/L; CO3: 0\,0 mg/L; HCO3: 301.8 mg/L; NO3: 9.7 mg/L; PO4: 2.9 mg/L. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe Irrigation District of Campo de Cartagena (founded in 1952) has several sources of irrigation water (amounting to a total flow of 142 hm3/year)\, including reclaimed water (13.5 hm3/year) produced from the effluents of 7 wastewater treatment plants. The main features of the Irrigation District of Campo de Cartagena are: a main irrigation channel of 64 km; a maximum flow of 25 m3/s; 778 km of service roads; 7\,106 water outlets; 1\,033 km of pipes (ranging in diameter from 1\,600 mm to 80 mm); 9 pumping stations; 957 remote stations; and a storage capacity of 2.1 hm3. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nTreated effluent from the Roldán-Balsicas wastewater treatment plant is reclaimed using a prototype module and then used for agricultural irrigation by the Irrigation District of Campo de Cartagena. Cultivation techniques include horticultural crops (59 %)\, citrus trees (30 %)\, fruit trees (4 %) and greenhouses (7 %). Greenhouses cover about 1\,300 ha of irrigated land\, with about 96 % of that surface devoted to pepper cultivation; the rest is devoted to cultivation of zucchini\, tomato and ornamental flowers. Cultivation is mainly (93 %) conducted using drip irrigation techniques. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Extended Aeration + UV light\, followed by a prototype reclamation process that includes ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis.\nPesticide removal : UV light\nDisinfection : UV light\, and ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes.\nSuspended solids removal : Chemical coagulation at the wastewater treatment plant and ultrafiltration on the reclamation prototype.\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe wastewater treatment plant has a capacity of 5\,500 m3/day and a normal flow of 3\,000 m3/day. All the treated effluent flow is used for agricultural irrigation. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe Irrigation District of Campo de Cartagena has 10\,000 members and covers 40\,000 ha of irrigated land. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe cost of irrigation water is 0.35 €/m3. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nFarmers pay for irrigation water in proportion to the land surface they irrigate\, using the average cost of a mixture of 4 different water supply sources. Furthermore\, they are legally required to cover the costs of the analytical monitoring of reclaimed water quality. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nIntriago\, J.C.\, Lopez-Galvez\, F.\, Allende\, A.\, Vivaldi\, G.A.\, Camposeo\, S.\, Nicolás\, E.\, Alarcón\, J.J.\, Pedrero Salcedo\, F. (2018). Agricultural reuse of municipal wastewater through an integral water reclamation management. Journal of Environmental Management 213; 135-141. \nThe DESERT prototype served to demonstrate the agronomic viability of the water treatment process. The safety of the reclaimed water produced by the DESERT prototype was demonstrated under different scenarios (drip and sprinkler irrigation) using lettuce as one of the crops most vulnerable to microbial contamination. The study showed the absence of pathogens. A deterministic and stochastic manager-oriented QMRA model showed negligible risks of infection in all DESERT water exposure scenarios. The DESERT team was fully aware that public acceptance is a crucial factor for succeeding in using reclaimed water for agricultural irrigation and that risk acceptance rely on factors that are beyond simple risk estimations\, such an appropriate risk communication and management. Water quality levels\, agronomical quality of crops\, and health risk assessments have shown that the DESERT prototype stands out as an appropriate add-on technology for safe water reclamation. The DESERT prototype was able to respond effectively to the main environmental/agricultural and public health concerns posed by reclaimed water use\, namely salinity and pathogenicity\, respectively. Furthermore\, the multiple-barrier approach and the post-harvest strategies\, with the irrigation technique being of uppermost importance\, support and complement the DESERT reclamation technology in reaching the safety targets\, thus preventing recontamination and cross-contamination of produce during the whole farm-to-fork cycle. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/desert-desalination-research-platform/ LOCATION:Spain CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/research-platform.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191104T133041Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191119T135556Z UID:8155-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Agricultural irrigation with reclaimed water in Cartagena DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Agricultural irrigation with reclaimed water in Cartagena\n\n \n \n\n \n \n Irrigation District no. 557 ‘Isidoro García Ráez’\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nTreated effluent is produced at the Cabezo Beaza wastewater treatment plant\, operated by Hidrogea Gestión Integral de Aguas de Murcia. The wastewater treatment plant receives household wastewater\, grey water\, storm water\, and industrial water. The main water quality characteristics are Influent SS = 382 mg/L; COD = 864 mg/L and BOD5 = 427 mg/L; Effluent: SS = 9 mg/L; COD = 50 mg/L\, and BOD5 = 8 mg/L; with removal efficiencies of 97.6 % for SS\, 94.2 % for COD\, and 98.1 % for BOD5. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe Irrigation District no. 557 ‘Isidoro García Ráez’ has a water distribution network with 17 km of underground pipes\, and delivers pressurized water at 94 control valves. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe Irrigation District no. 557 ‘Isidoro García Ráez’ has been using reclaimed water for more than 20 years\, together with conventional sources of surface water available in the area. The most abundant food crops cultivated are horticultural crops like potatoes\, broccoli\, lettuce\, celery\, artichokes\, and cauliflower that cover more than 60 % of the cultivated land\, and citrus and olive trees that cover about 30 %. Orchards are managed under an intensive cultivation plan and water is provided by drip irrigation. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Storage ponds (lagoon)\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : Chlorination\nSuspended solids removal : none\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe wastewater treatment plant has a design capacity of 12.8 hm3/year and its current treatment flow is 7.3 hm3/year. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe Irrigation District no. 557 ‘Isidoro García Ráez’ has 274 members and manages 6\,643 ha of agricultural land; of those\, 4\,453 ha receive surface water from the Tajo-Segura aqueduct. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe annual budget of agricultural irrigation with reclaimed water at the Irrigation District no. 557 ‘Isidoro García Ráez’ has a capital cost of 469\,192 €\, an operating and maintenance cost of 66\,721 € and a labor cost of 240\,069 €\, adding to a total annual cost of 775\,982 €. The unit prize of reclaimed water supplied to Irrigation District members is 0.05 €/m³. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nAgricultural irrigation at the Irrigation District no. 557 ‘Isidoro García Ráez’ operates under an agreement with the city of Cartagena and the water operating company Hidrogea S.A.. The water reclamation process is operated by Hidrogea S.A.\, while Irrigation District no. 557 is responsible for the distribution of reclaimed water and the supervision of the water pumping stations. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nPeer-reviewed articles: \nPedrero\, F.\, Maestre-Valero\, J.F.\, Mounzer\, O. Alarcón\, J.J.\, Nicolás\, E. (2014). Physiological and agronomic mandarin trees performance under saline reclaimed water combined with regulated deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management 146: 228-237. \nPedrero\, F.\, Mounzer\, O.\, Alarcón\, J.J.\, Bayona\, J.M.\, Nicolás\, E. (2012).The viability of irrigating mandarin trees with saline reclaimed water in a semi-arid Mediterranean region: a preliminary assessment. Irrigation Science 31(4):759-768. \nThe main conclusions reached during the first crop season were: 1) the high rainfall recorded served to evaluate the equipment available for detecting rapid changes of salinity and nutrients; 2) the space and time distribution of rainfall observed during the crop cycle resulted in great uniformity among plots\, thus preventing the detection of any influence of water use on final production and masking the potential adverse effects of salinization; 3) moderate correlations (R2 ≤ 0.50) were found between the ECextract and the different salinity indexes\, prompting the need for additional drone flights\, as well as for soil and plant analyses\, to determine which salinity index provides the best results; 4) farmers should be advised to adopt the agronomic practice of applying an intense irrigation period after each crop cycle\, to leach out the salts deposited and avoid its accumulation; 5) the preservation of an intensive and profitable agriculture\, respectful of the environment requires innovative agricultural irrigation projects that use non-conventional water resources\, such as reclaimed water\, together with advanced information technologies. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/irrigation-reclaimed-water-cartagena/ LOCATION:Spain CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Cartagena2.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191104T135734Z LAST-MODIFIED:20200602T103743Z UID:8160-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:First application and market introduction of combined wastewater treatment and reuse technology for agricultural purposes DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n First application and market introduction of combined wastewater treatment and reuse technology for agricultural purposes\n\n \n \n\n \n \n RichWater\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe effluent coming from the municipal wastewater treatment plant of Algarrobo is the source of the reclaimed water. The municipal wastewater treatment plant treats wastewater originating from the 6\,284 inhabitants of Algarrobo town. The flow at the wastewater treatment plant is characterized by a high seasonal fluctuation due to the presence of tourists during the summer period. Wastewater inflow during summer is in the range of 4\,000 - 6\,000 m³/day\, while during the rest of the year is approximately 2\,000 - 4\,000 m³/day. The municipal plant is managed by the AXARAGUA\, a private-public partnership created by the ‘Mancomunidad de Municipios de la Axarquía’. Mancomunidad de Municipios de la Axarquia is a supra-municipal public body responsible for common management issues of municipalities within La Axarquia Region. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nA pumping station distributes the reclaimed water from a reservoir tank placed at the MBR plant. The distribution network is made of PVC pipes. The reclaimed water is further stored in 7\,500 liters plastic tanks and there the nutrients contents are adapted so the final nutrition solution is distributed to PVC irrigation network. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe reclaimed water is used to irrigate avocados\, mangos and tomatoes. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Ultrafiltration is used along a membrane bioreactor whose design is adapted to maximize the presence of nitrates while complying legal requirements.\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : UV disinfection and chlorination.\nSuspended solids removal : Ultrafiltration and a membrane bioreactor (UF\, MBR).\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe wastewater treatment plant has a capacity of 150 m³/day. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe experimental test site is less than one hectare. There is a strong involvement of the local community of irrigators\, in particular the ‘Community of Irrigators’ of Algarrobo which was established in 1879\, has a total irrigated area of 757 ha and includes 547 farmers. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nNo clear data provided about the cost of the reclamation process. Funding was done by Horizon 2020 - Fast track to innovation. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nFormal cooperation agreement with city council\, regional authorities and farmers in the region of La Axarquia. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nThe successful FP7 Treat&Use project is the base for the RichWater approach. The system has then been successfully applied in the test field in Southern Spain where various positive impacts (e.g. no additional fertilizer nor freshwater) could commonly be observed. \nMain results of the Treat & Use project: \n\nResults of crop production and yield are equivalent using treated waste water and clear water\nUse of alternative water source for irrigation permits to safe valuable water resources (e.g. aquifers)\nLow values of pathogens in water and fruit proof that TREAT&USE is a safe technology for waste water reuse in agriculture\nThe prototype can be up-scaled to higher production rates\, including food industry uses\nIt’s technically possible to use waste water directly from the sewer and provide it with the appropriate quality required by legislation\nThe use of waste water reduces the needs of additional fertilizer (and for the tomato crops tested in TREAT&USE\, there is no need of additional fertilizer at all)\nLow Operation and Maintenance and high automated control system allow an easy operation of the end user with relatively low annual costs\n\n  \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nVideo:\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAX1Qgj883c \nPDF:\nhttps://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/22_RichWater_FACTSHEET-14_53_50.pdf \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/richwater/ LOCATION:Spain CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Richwater2.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191104T144407Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191108T075506Z UID:8165-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Production and use of Waters for Reuse (ApR) in Alentejo irrigation DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Production and use of Waters for Reuse (ApR) in Alentejo irrigation\n\n \n \n\n \n \n REUSE\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe urban wastewater comes from the WWTP of Beja (Alentejo). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThis distribution system consists in one mainline and one container. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nA pomegrate tree orchard recieves reclaimed water by drip irrigation. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Solar concentrators are being used to firstly disinfect the water. But in some tests there was an overall improvement in the quality of the treated effluent\, transmittance and COD.\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : In the REUSE project\, the Beja WWTP pilot case is testing disinfection with solar technology. Concentrating panels of the solar radiation for disinfection by action of UV radiation and thermal action.\nSuspended solids removal : Suspended solids are removed by filtration.\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe capacity of the WWTP 32\,750 equivalent inhabitants\, which corresponds in this case to about 4\,830 m³/day. The experimental disinfection unit reaches a flow rate of 5 m³/day. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nOne farm (with pomegranate orchards) is irrigated with reclaimed water within the framework of a demonstration pilot of 0.5 ha. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nFunding is done by Fundo Ambiental. The cost of the reclaimed water is yet unknown. \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nFollowing results have been found out of the projects own research: \n-The feasibility of using solar equipment in tests for solar disinfection of urban wastewater for irrigation purposes was verified. \n- Laboratory and pilot tests have achieved load reduction values consistent with the quality objectives required for practical use. \n- High synergistic effect on wastewater disinfection with UVA and UVB radiation\, and the infrared radiation that increases the water temperature\, accelerating the disinfection process. \n- The temperatures reached through the panels have considerably reduced the disinfection times required. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n- REUSE concerns a demonstration pilot for reclaiming water using technologies of treatment to reduce operational cost and increase its use in the irrigation activity.\n- Installation of a demonstration pilot at the interface of urban wastewater treatment infrastructures with irrigation infrastructures to clarify the dynamics of the barriers created by the dilution and transport of the water to the irrigation perimeter.\n- Promotion of a communication and awareness campaign for the need to promote water use efficiency in the irrigation activity and demonstration of success cases in the reuse of water in this economic activity. \nPDF (Spanish):\nhttps://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/24_Apresentacoes_ConfAguaNovasAbordagens_reduce-12_25_2.pdf \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/reuse-alentejo/ LOCATION:Portugal CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/REUSE-1.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191104T151719Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191212T161924Z UID:8186-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Novel Methodology for the Promotion of treated wastewater reuse for Mediterranean crops improvement DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Novel Methodology for the Promotion of treated wastewater reuse for Mediterranean crops improvement\n\n \n \n\n \n \n MeProWare\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nTreated wastewater was collected from a wastewater treatment plant situated in Lisbon. The wastewater treatment plant has primary\, secondary and tertiary treatment. Sample collection was performed daily after a UV disinfection process and delivered for analyses at the same day. The experimental study site consists of two irrigation treatments (treated wastewater irrigation and water irrigation)\, each supplied to three contiguous vineyard rows. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe irrigation system utilizes drip irrigation\, the distance between pipelines is 2.5 m and between the drippers 1 m. The flow rate is 2.5 l/h. Polyethylene pipelines with a diameter of 16 mm lay 50 cm below the surface. The system is powered by photovoltaic panels (6 panels with 250 W each and battery capacity of 7\,000 W). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe grapevines (Arinto variety) used for the study were planted in 2006 with north-south orientation. The irrigations system has a dripper localized in each meter of irrigation tube and the freshwater flow provided was 2.5 l/h. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : none\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : Sand filtration coupled with UV light disinfection\nSuspended solids removal : none\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe wastewater treatment plant serves 215\,000 population equivalents (54\,000 m³/day). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nScientific Reports and peer-reviewed papers: \nLi\, R.\, Graça\, J.\, Fragoso\, R.\, Paço\, T.A.\, Cameira\, M.R.\, Rodrigues\, G.\, Duarte\, E. (2017). Monitorização de culturas mediterrânicas regadas em regiões com escassez de água - adequação de metodologias em viticultura. 14º Congresso da Água\, Évora\, Portugal \nGraça\, J.\, Fragoso\, R.\, Paço\, T.A.\, Li\, R.\, Cameira\, M.R.\, Rodrigues\, G.\, Duarte\, E. (2017). Novel Methodology for the Promotion of treated Wastewater Reuse for Mediterranean crops improvement– MeProWaRe. O caminho da Inovação AdP\, Lisboa\, Portugal. \nGraça\, J.\, Fragoso\, R.\, Paço\, T.A.\, Li\, R.\, Cameira\, M.R.\, Rodrigues\, G.\, Duarte\, E. (2017). Metodologia para reutilização de águas residuais tratadas em culturas mediterrâneas - MEPROWARE. Livro de Resumo do I congresso luso-brasileiro de horticultura\, Lisboa\, Portugal. 29 \nCosta\, J.M.\, Oliveira\, M.\, Graça\, J.\, Lopes\, C.M.\, Duarte\, E.\, 2017. Desafios para a viticultura e enologia mediterrânicas: a importância do recurso água. Revista APH\, 127: 32-37. Cid\, J.F.X. Response of grapevine to irrigation with treated wastewater. 2019. Master thesis for Degree in Viticulture and Oenology Engineering \nCosta JM\, Oliveira M\, Fragoso R\, Egipto R\, Lopes CM\, Duarte E. 2019. Gestão da Água para uma vitivinicultura sustentável no sul de Portugal. 11th Alentejo Vine and Wine Symposium. 15 to 17th May 2019. Évora Portugal \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nThe treated wastewater presents reasonable good quality\, with light constrains to its use in crop irrigation for the parameters related to salinity (electrical conductivity\, Sodium\, Chloride) and for Bicarbonate. The chloride content in the treated wastewater is the only parameter that is above the recommended value for reuse in agriculture presented in the National Decree Law DL 236/98. Overall\, the quality of the water used for irrigation in the MeProWaRe field tests was good. In all cases the treated wastewater complied to thelocal limits for reuse in agriculture\, with the exception of the parameter total suspended solids in the Spanish demo-site. Moreover\, the treated wastewater had a higher content of nutrients and organic substances\, so they can provide a significant fertilizing contribution for crops cultivation. Even though it was below the law limits\, the salinity of treated wastewater was in all demo sites higher than in control waters. Hence\, for this parameter the effects on plants and soils should be carefully monitored. We want to highlight that not the  water source is of importance \, but its quality according to the use it is destined for. \nPDF (Portuguese):\nhttps://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/25_Meproware-1.pdf" title="25_Meproware \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/meproware-portugal/ LOCATION:Portugal CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/meprowareportugal2.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191105T105826Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191107T110151Z UID:8230-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Novel Methodology for the Promotion of treated wastewater reuse for Mediterranean crops improvement DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Novel Methodology for the Promotion of treated wastewater reuse for Mediterranean crops improvement\n\n \n \n\n \n \n MeProWare\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe demo-site includes the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Acquaviva Delle Fonti. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe WWTP effluents are delivered to a distribution system recently built by the municipality to serve a local cooperative of farmers (Cooperativa “La Molignana”). However\, before connecting the plant to the distribution system some extra works were carried out to protect the irrigation network from possible malfunctioning/floods of the wastewater treatment plant. In particular\, sluice gates were connected with turbidity probes placed at the outlet of the plant\, in order to deviate the effluent to the normal discharge in case of lowered effluent quality. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\n2 to 3 ha of permanent crops are irrigated with drip irrigation. The permanent crops are olive trees and vineyards. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : none\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : UV light is used.\nSuspended solids removal : Disc filters provide the pretreatment for the UV disinfection unit\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe demo-site includes the municipal wastewater treatment plant of Acquaviva Delle Fonti (30.000 PE). For the research experiment\, a fraction of 150 - 200m3/h  of reclaimed water is retrieved for agriculture. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nTwo test field were a vineyard (Site A) and an olive grove (Site B). \nSite A  is placed relatively close to the municipal WWTP of Acquaviva Delle Fonti. The vine cultivar is the Red Globe\, a table grape variety\, and the training method adopted is the “tendone”\, an high vine training typical in Apulia region. The sampling subarea is 1.6 ha large (0.95 ha irrigated with tertiary treated effluent\, 0.75 ha with well water). \nSite B is 4 km far from the WWTP. The olive cultivar is the Ogliarola\, an oil variety. The sampling subarea chosen for the experimental activity is large 1.1 ha. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nScientific Reports and peer-reviewed papers \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nThe overall quality of the tertiary effluent is very high both in terms of microbiological and chemical-physical characteristics. Compared with the well water\, the tertiary treated effluent has higher content of organic substances and nutrients useful for plants growth. \n \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/template-copy/ LOCATION:Italy CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/meprowareitaly3.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191105T155704Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191107T120717Z UID:8238-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Water reclamation for hydroponic system DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Water reclamation for hydroponic system\n\n \n \n\n \n \n HypoWave\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe wastewater treatment plant Hattorf (Wolfsburg) treats 8\,000 population equivalents of urban wastewater. The wastewater treatment plant only receives urban wastewater without industrial discharger. All of the cities sewerage utilizes a separate system. The COD of the wastewater is about 890 mg O2/l. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nAfter reclamation\, the distribution system can either be set up as through-flow system or as a circulation system with internal storage. Seven lettuce cultivation pipes with a length of 13 m each are connected to the distribution system. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe reclaimed water is used to irrigate a hydroponic grown lettuce crop in a greenhouse. In a hydroponic system lettuce plants are grown in an artificial or peat pot to which water and nutrients are provided by a nutrient solutions that is in contact with the plant roots. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : none\nPesticide removal : Ozone and activated carbon\nDisinfection : Ozone and activated carbon\nSuspended solids removal : An integrated process consisting of an anaerobic/anoxic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor and an aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR).\nOther \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe hourly effluent of the wastewater treatment plant Hattorf is about 45 m³/h. The reclamation facility for the hydroponic system can treat 720 l/d. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe hydroponic growing area is about 100 m² and consists of seven lettuce cultivation lines with a length of about 13 m. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nFunding is done by the ministery of research. The cost of the reclaimed water isn't known. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nScientific reports: \nBliedung\, A.\, Dockhorn\, T.\, Germer\, J.\, Fiebig\, B.\, Peters G.\, Rossmanith\, P.\, Wieland\, A. (2019): The HypoWave-System – Nutrient and heavy metal flows within an integrated system of adapted wastewater treatment and subsequent water reuse in a hydroponic system. Book of Abstracts – IWA Water Reuse 2019\, Berlin\, 552-557 \nSchramm\, E.\, Dockhorn\, T.\, Ebert\, B.\, & Winker\, M. (2018). Wasserwiederverwendung im Gemeinschaftsrecht/Water reuse in European Communities law. Institut Für Sozial-Ökologische Forschung\, 43. Retrieved from http://www.isoe-publikationen.de/fileadmin/redaktion/ISOE-Reihen/dp/dp-43-isoe-2018.pdf \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nThe pilot plant and several case studies have shown the potential of the HypoWave process as an alternative cultivation method. With the reclaimed water of small communities of 500 and 1\,650 person equivalent\, an economic production can be achieved on 3\,600 and 6\,000 m². \nBrochure:\nhttp://www.hypowave.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Ergebnisse/Broschueren/1908_BR-ubt_hypowave-03_de_hi.pdf \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/hypowave/ LOCATION:Germany CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/hypowave2.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191106T100107Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191107T121201Z UID:8250-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Water reclamation of urban waste water in Wolfsburg DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Water reclamation of urban waste water in Wolfsburg\n\n \n \n\n \n \n Wolfsburger Entwässerungsbetriebe\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe wastewater treatment plant Stahlberg (Wolfsburg) treats the urban wastewater coming from 90\,000 households in Wolfsburg. In addition to the wastewater from the urban households there are several indirect discharges like hospitals and dental surgeries. Most of the cities sewerage uses a separate system but a part of the city center of Wolfsburg has a combined system which leads to a mixture of household wastewater and stormwater. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe reclaimed water coming from the wastewater treatment plant Stahlberg is first distributed. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe farmers using the reclaimed water mostly cultivate grain (40 %)\, energy crops (30 %)\, sugar beets (10 %) and rape seed (10 %). All the farmers practice rotating farming. The reclaimed water is irrigated via hose drum. The irrigation with reclaimed water is demand-oriented. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Struvite precipitation\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : none\nSuspended solids removal : none\nOther : \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe hourly effluent of the wastewater treatment plant Stahlberg is about 1\,100 m³/h. Related to the seasonal precipitation\, the irrigation with reclaimed water is in line with the demand of the crops. The average amount of reclaimed water is about 4 million m³/year. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe area provided with reclaimed water is about 1\,550 ha. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nWEB provides the farmers with reclaimed water. The farmers are fully responsible for the operation and maintenance of the distribution and irrigation system. Due to restrictions regarding micro pollutants the irrigation with reclaimed water has to be demand-oriented. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/web-wolfsburg/ LOCATION:Wolfsburg\, Germany CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/WEB1.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151921 CREATED:20191106T101636Z LAST-MODIFIED:20200529T095318Z UID:8255-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Modular wastewater treatment for aquaponic system DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Modular wastewater treatment for aquaponic system\n\n \n \n\n \n \n AWAREGIO\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nA modular research plant including aquaponics and hydroponics was built on the area of the waste water treatment plant “Moers Gerdt”. The waste water treatment plant receives the municipal waste water from 190\,000 pe including industrial waste water. The modular research plant receives the waste water from the primary treatment stage. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe initiative is an experimental small-scale set-up. The distribution system is develop in such way that water can be provided to the 3 pilot sections. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nAt the demonstration site\, nutrient rich water from pisciculture (fish) is used to fertilise plants in a ebb and flow hydroponics system. After biological treatment\, the water is recirculated. The modular research plant can produce various reclaimed water qualities adapted to the farmer’s need. Farmers with interest in aqua- and hydroponics are the main target group of the technology. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : The combination of an anaerobic baffled reactor\, anaerobic filter with an anoxic moving bed bioreactor and a trickling filter concludes the steps for primary wastewater treatment.\nPesticide removal : Micro-pollutants such as pesticides can be removed by the reverse osmosis unit.\nDisinfection : UV-disinfection is being assessed\, other disinfection technologies are also  ultrafiltration\, constructed wetland\, reverse osmosis.\nSuspended solids removal : Suspended solids can be removed by the following units: advanced trickling filter\, constructed wetland\, ultrafiltration.\nOther : \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe installation is a pilot scale plant and can deliver 6m³ per day. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe initiative’s focus was on the elaboration of a modular pilot plant which can produce different water qualities depending on the field of application. The pilot plant can deliver water for the following purposes: aquaponic fish farm\, hydroponic market gardening and agricultural irrigation. The maximum flow rate of the pilot plant was 6 m³ per day. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe initiative’s final report provides no further information on the costs per m³ reclaimed water. Economic efficiency has to be proven in further projects like “WaterReTUNe” started in October 2019 in cooperation with the Tunesian research institute “CERTE”. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nNot applicable seen the experimental character of the initiative. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nThe final report of the AWAREGIO project is available in German: Go to final report \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nPDF: https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/32_awaregio_flyer_en.pdf \nFinal report (German only) https://www.fiw.rwth-aachen.de/neo/fileadmin/pdf/fiw/awaregio_Abschlussbericht_176S_de.pdf \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/awaregio/ LOCATION:Germany CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/awaregio1.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151922 CREATED:20191106T103455Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191107T122822Z UID:8260-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Agro-industrial wastewater for irrigation DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Agro-industrial wastewater for irrigation\n\n \n \n\n \n \n HYDROREUSE\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nHydroreuse uses agro-industrial wastewater (slaughterhouses\, wineries\, cheese production…) from the area around Alentejo. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe reclaimed water is tested on hydroponic system to cultivate tomatoes. Future plans however doesn’t exclude use in arable farming. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Basic calcium precipitation\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : Basic calcium precipitation\nSuspended solids removal : Basic calcium precipitation\nOther : \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nPeer-reviewed papers \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/hydroreuse/ LOCATION:Portugal\, Portugal CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/hydroreuse.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151922 CREATED:20191106T110014Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191107T125653Z UID:8266-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Combination of wastewater treatment technology with food production DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Combination of wastewater treatment technology with food production\n\n \n \n\n \n \n ROOF WATER FARM\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nDomestic wastewater of 250 inhabitants is separated into two different flows: black and grey water. Black water is wastewater from toilets and grey water is wastewater from washing machines\, sinks\, dishwashers containing lesser contaminants. Additionally the rainwater of 2\,350 m2 roof area and 650 m2 sealed area is used. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe distribution system is very locally\, in the same building. \nIndustrial water from greywater\nRWF variant I:  Treatment of domestic greywater for the use of industrial water for fish farming as well as for household-related reuse (toilet flushing)\, fertilization of the plants takes place via the use of nutrient-rich production wastewater from fish farming.\nRWF variant II: Treatment of domestic grey water for plant water use for plant breeding and for household-related reuse (WC flushing)\, optional use of domestic black water for NPK liquid fertilizer production\, fertilization of plants via the cultivation-specific dilution of highly concentrated NPK liquid fertilizer together with the process water. \nProcess water from rainwater\nRWF variant III: Use of operating water from rainwater of the roof surface as process water for fish farming\, fertilization of the plants takes place via the use of nutrient-rich production wastewater from fish farming\nRWF variant IV:  Use of rainwater from the roof surface as process water for plant breeding\, optional use of domestic black water for NPK liquid fertilizer production\, fertilization of the plants via the cultivation-specific dilution of the highly concentrated NPK liquid fertilizer together with the process water. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nHydroponic modules use the liquid fertilizer resulting from the black water treatment for the production of plants. Aquaponics is composed of the terms aquaculture and hydroponics and refers to the combination of fish and plant production in an integrated system. Products such as carp species\, salad and strawberries showed good performance. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Membrane bioreactor and anaerobic processes\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : biological purification by a membrane bioreactor and UV light disinfection\nSuspended solids removal : Mechanical pretreatment\, sedimentation\nOther : Two different flows of treatment operate depending on the water source.\nFor black water\, three mechanical pretreatment steps are performed followed by an aerobic treatment stage and a membrane bioreactor (MBR). Grey water treatment consist in sedimentation\, biological purification and UV light disinfection. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe amount of grey water represents 10 m3/day\, while black water production reaches 1 m3/h. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nOperating water price of approximately 3 euros/m³. Depending on the construction investments made (new or existing building) as well as the selected operator model. The payback time for RWF hydroponics and aquaponics is estimated between 8 to 11 years. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nDue to the complex combination of real estate\, water and agriculture and the close proximity to the everyday life of city dwellers\, different actors play important roles in different areas when implementing ROOF WATER-FARM concepts. The most importart actors involved are property owners\, residents\, technology providers\, architects and building planners\, urban farmers\, municipal utility and disposal companies and urban planners. Possible roles in the implementation of ROOF WATER-FARM are: \n- Regulatory Framework\, which enacts laws or regulations or grants permits.\n- Initiator of ROOF WATER-FARM projects\, either as an embodiment of framework conditions in the form of incentives or prohibitions\, or quite practically as an investor or designer / architect\, offering the concepts for a new construction or refurbishment as an alternative to conventional building concepts.\n- Profiteer of the ROOF WATER-FARM during operation or implementation.\n- Operator of the water treatment or roof farm of a ROOF WATER FARM. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nScientific reports: \nROOF WATER FARM Manual: Million\, A .; Bürgow\, G .; Steglich\, A. (ed.) (2018): ROOF WATER FARM. Urban water for urban agriculture. TU Berlin\, Berlin. ISBN 978-3-7983-2986-7 (print)\, ISBN 978-3-7983-2987-4 (online)  Bürgow\, G. (2014): Urban Aquaculture - Water-sensitive transformation of cityscapes via blue-green infrastructures. Dissertation 25.11.2013\, Technical University Berlin. Publication series of the Reiner Lemoine Foundation\, Herzogenrath: Shaker Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8440-3262-8. doi: 10.2370 / 9\,783\,844\,032\,628th  Million\, A. / Bürgow\, G. / \nSteglich\, A. (2016): Urban Waters for Urban Agriculture - ROOF WATER-FARMs as Participatory and Multifunctional Infrastructure. In: Sustainable Urban Agriculture and Food Planning\, Rob Roggema (ed.)\, Book Chapter 9\, pp. 142-165. Routledge\, New York. ISBN: 978-1-138-18308-7  Bürgow\, G. / Steglich\, A. / Million\, A. (2017): Application of ROOF WATER-FARM building-level technology for integrated infrastructure design in the neighborhood. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nThe Roof water farm project resulted in: \n- Demonstration of cultivation technologies of water-based plant and fish production (hydroponics \, aquaponics) in connection with decentralized water treatment technology of grey\, black and rain water. \n- Hygienic standards of cultivation and safety of relevant micropollutants were achieved. \n- Water and product quality was good in comparison with relevant national and European specifications. \n- Production of liquid fertilizer by treating black water as "gold water"  for hydroponic plant production. \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/roof-water-farm/ LOCATION:Germany CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/roofwaterfarm.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151922 CREATED:20191106T121019Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191107T130018Z UID:8273-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Water reclamation of urban wastewater in Steinhorst DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Water relamation of urban wastewater in Steinhorst\n\n \n \n\n \n \n Water association Gifhorn\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nMunicipal wastewater \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nAfter reclamation the water is distributed to three storage ponds from where farmers can distribute it individually to their agricultural land. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nArable farming of cereals\, maize and oil crops (sunflower\, oilseed...) \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : aerobic biological processes and afterwards a maturation pond\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : none\nSuspended solids removal : none\nOther : \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/wasserverband-gifhorn/ LOCATION:Germany CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/wasserverband-gifhorn.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151922 CREATED:20191106T124731Z LAST-MODIFIED:20200602T072844Z UID:8279-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Irrigation of vineyards with reclaimed water in Valflaunès DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Irrigation of vineyards with reclaimed water in Valflaunès\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nReclaimed municipal wastewater from the Valflaunès wastewater treatment plant. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe distribution system is 1\,000 m long: 500 m for delivering water to the stage 1 plots and 500 m more to reach the stage 2 plots. The entire distribution system will be pressurized. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nConventional vineyards equipped with drip irrigation. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Lagoon\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : Reed bed filter\, UV disinfection and a Lagoon\nSuspended solids removal : Disk filtration is be used for suspended solids removal\nOther : \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe capacity of the wastewater treatment plant is 600 population equivalents\, which correlates to 60 m³/day. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nAgricultural beneficiaries will cover a total of 14 ha: 2 ha in stage 1 (2020) and 12 ha in stage 2 (2022). \nStage 1 will spreadover 2 years. During this stage\, the use of reclaimed water in vineyards will be demonstrated. In the second stage\, the implementation of reclaimed water will further be extended to the remaining 12 ha of vineyards. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nOPEX: 100k€ (Stage 1) + 200 k€ (Stage 2) \nAPEX: unknown so far \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nNo agreement was provided as the project is still in the explorational phase. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nThe project has been put on hold as the profitability is too difficult to reach even stage 2. \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/valflaunes-vineyards/ LOCATION:France CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/valflaunes.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151922 CREATED:20191106T125921Z LAST-MODIFIED:20200602T073447Z UID:8283-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Reuse of reclaimed water coming from a centralized treatment plant for domestic septic tanks wastewater DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Reuse of reclaimed water coming from a centralized treatment plant for domestic septic tanks wastewater\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe wastewater treatment plant receives water with some sludge from individual septic tanks and from a small collective wastewater treatment installation. \nWater input quality is : \n\nCOD : 5 to 25 g/l\nSuspended Solids : 5 to 50 g/l\nNTK : 400 to 800 mg/l\,\nPt: 70 to 300mg/l\n\n  \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe reclaimed water is stored in a 140 m³ storage tank before primary treatment. Then water is distributed via a pressurized piping system that is around 2 km long to the plots. Irrigation is then performed using nozzles and micro-sprinklers delivering one feeding point for each tree. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nForestry plantation (poplar and eucalyptus). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Treatment on reeds beds with a total surface area of 2\,600 m².\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : none\nSuspended solids removal : Primary treatment with a central grooved disc filter.\nOther : \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe system produces 6\,300 m³ of reclaimed water each year. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe area irrigated with reclaimed water is about 3.2 ha. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe investments cost is 1.72 million euros\, while the maintenance cost comes at 31\,000 euros/year. The energy expenses add up to 14\,000 euros. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nNot applicable as  the fields belong to the community which is as well the owner of the WWTP. The fields supply firewood to the communal heat production plant. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nThis project has several environmental benefits such as reducing sludge transport (100 to 120 km per day)\, avoiding direct discharge and reducing surface water withdrawals. \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/reclaimed-water-septic-tanks/ LOCATION:France CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Remi2.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151922 CREATED:20191106T132354Z LAST-MODIFIED:20200602T074225Z UID:8288-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:New process for Optimizing Wastewater reuse from Mauguio to the Mediterranean Area DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n New process for Optimizing Wastewater reuse from Mauguio to the Mediterranean Area\n\n \n \n\n \n \n NOWMMA\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe water comes from the Mauguio domestic wastewater treatment plant (activated sludge of 24 000 EH – around 3 000 m³/day). No industrial wastewater are connected. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nReclaimed water was send to the test fields by use of a very small distribution network of less than 50 meters length. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe irrigated plot is subdivided in three blocks each supplied with a different water quality. Two water qualities come from the treatment unit\, while the other represents a reference water quality for the region. Irrigation application methods are tested on each block with drip (below and above ground) and sprinkler irrigation. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Activated sludge\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : UV and ultrasound techniques provide disinfection\nSuspended solids removal : Several filtration have been tested: Sand filtration\, Microfiltration and ultrafiltration\nOther : \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe average daily discharge is 2\,530 m³. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nIn total the irrigated arrea is nearly 500m² big. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe cost of the project is 2\,887\,000 euros over 3 years. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nSeen the explorational status of the initiative\, a consortium agreement was provided between the project partners. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nThe project provided major results about: \n\nwater reclamation technologies performances\ndrippers clogging\nAspersion irrigation of aerosol\n\nThese results can be found through this link. \nJauzein\, V\, Perot\, J\, Clerc\, J et al. A R & D platform dedicated to the development of the wastewater REUSE in France and in the Mediterranean basin : NOWMMA \nTests of different high-process disinfection technologies. Experiments on biofilm growth and bacterial growth in drip irrigation using reclaimed water. The main objective of the pilot is to test disinfection technologies.\nModelling the spraying phenomenon to assess the risks of contamination in order to formulate recommendations on of French regulation regarding wind effects on sprinkler irrigation. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nMore information on the project outcomes can be found here.  \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/nowmma/ LOCATION:France CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/NOWMMA.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151922 CREATED:20191106T135532Z LAST-MODIFIED:20200602T085115Z UID:8293-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Reuse of reclaimed water for corn irrigation DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Reuse of reclaimed water for corn irrigation\n\n \n \n\n \n \n SmartFertiReuse\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nMunicipal wastewater is used from the Aureilhan wastewater treatment plant. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe distribution system should supply the experimental fields that belong to 2 different farmers. However\, many issues have araised with social acceptability and the position of the distribution network. The distribution systems were not installed yet by mid-2020. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nArable land with corn\, cultivated intensively. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Activated sludge\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : UV and gravity driven membrane filtration\nSuspended solids removal : Primary treatment : Grit removal\, screening\, de-oilling\nOther : \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe potential capacity is around 3\,700 m³/day. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\n10 ha of arable land is irrigated with the reclaimed water. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe total budget of the project is 5 million euros\, the cost of the reclaimed water isn’t known yet. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nSeen the explorational status of the project\, a consortium agreement was made between the project partners. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nThe project website provides an overview of the analyses of water and soil samples: link to database \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nRapport (French):\nhttp://www.hautes-pyrenees.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/000318v2_smartfertireuse_aureilhan_novembre_18_avril_19.pdf \nInstallation has started in 2018 but is now stopped waiting for complementary fundings. \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/smartfertireuse/ LOCATION:France CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/smartfertireuse1.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151922 CREATED:20191106T141331Z LAST-MODIFIED:20200602T085337Z UID:8299-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Experimenal site of Murviel-lès-Montpellier DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Experimenal site of Murviel-lès-Montpellier\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe reclaimed water originates from the domestic wastewater from Murviel-lès-Montpellier. The wastewater treatment plant is operated by SUEZ. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nA lagoon is used as storage. There is also a 4 m³ container for temporary storage of small volumes. The water is distributed with pressurized pipes having a total length of just less than 1 km. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe experimental site contains various cropping systems. There are vegetables eaten raw such as salad or leek. They are grown on a raised bed under glass\, as well as fruit trees (olive trees) and vineyards. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : none\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : Micro-filtration\nSuspended solids removal : Lagoon based system\nOther : \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe daily amount of cleaned water is around 200 m³. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe experiment concerns two experimental sites: one plot where water is applied under controlled conditions (soil tanks) and an agriculture field under real conditions of 0.5 ha. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nNo information available. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nSeen the explorational status of the initiative\, a consortium agreement was made between the project partners. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nSeveral experiences have been carried out regarding \n(1) Agronomic performance of wastewater irrigation on lettuce and leek as well as crops and soil contamination by the reclaimed water\n(2) Biofouling formation in drip irrigation system using reclaimed water \nAit-Mouheb\, N.\, & Wery\, N. (2019). Urban raw or treated wastewater drip-irrigation for lettuces and leeks crops: chemical and microbiological properties of soil and plants. 12th IWA International Conference on Water Reclamation and Reuse. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(96)00033-6 \nLequette\, K.\, Ait-Mouheb\, N.\, & Wéry\, N. (2019). Drip irrigation biofouling with treated wastewater: bacterial selection revealed by high-throughput sequencing. Biofouling\, 35(2)\, 217–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2019.1591377 \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\nVideo about the initiative (French): \nhttps://viaoccitanie.tv/agriculture-des-eaux-usees-traitees-pour-irriguer-les-parcelles-en-manque-deau/ \n\n \n \nhttps://viaoccitanie.tv/agriculture-des-eaux-usees-traitees-pour-irriguer-les-parcelles-en-manque-deau/\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/experiment-montpellier/ LOCATION:France CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Murviel.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151922 CREATED:20191106T143431Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191108T100136Z UID:8307-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Water reuse in the distillation process of essential oils in Trakia Land Distillery DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Water reuse in the distillation process of essential oils in Trakia Land Distillery\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe distillation process of the rose blossoms produces liquid wastewater and solid waste. \nThe wastewater originates from the following process streams: \n- of rose blossom (rose marble). The expected amount of this flow is 3 m3/h.\n- cleaning water of equipment and premises. The water is discharged to the mixer tank via the buildings sewer. The expected volume of this flow is 1\,5 m3/h.\n- waste water from the boiler (used to extract the oils). The water is relatively clean but has a high temperature. The expected amount of this flow is 1\,6 m3/ h. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe treated wastewater is collected in a tank. For a 90-day irrigation season\, 360 m3 of reclaimed water is used for irrigation of ornamental shrubs and grasses in the property where the facilities of the distillation and extraction plant and the treatment plant are located. The total irrigation area of the grass and shrubs is 0.1 ha. The rest of the water is transported to a reservoir via a centrifugal pump and a pipeline of about 415 meters. The water is used to irrigate plantations of essential oil plants. Irrigation of herbaceous essential oil plants is done by sprinklers before and after each mowing. The reuse of the water reduces the use of groundwater. In total 12\,600 m³ of reclaimed water is used to irrigate the fields. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe farm cultivates essential oil crops such as roses\, herbaceous oil plants that are irrigated with reclaimed water during the rose picking campaign. Some of the treated water is used for irrigation of ornamental shrubs and lawns. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : none\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : none\nSuspended solids removal : A separator removes the large amounts of oil and suspended solids from the wastewater. It is followed by a coagulation process\, separating the insoluble matter. The quality of wastewater\, after purification from the treatment plant meets the quality requirements for irrigation water of agricultural crops according to Bulgarian legislation.\nOther : \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe total projected maximum wastewater flow is 6\,1 m3/h. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nIn total 8.5 ha of land is irrigated using reclaimed water. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/trakia-essesntiol-oils/ LOCATION:Bulgaria CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Trakia1.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151922 CREATED:20191106T152332Z LAST-MODIFIED:20200605T071006Z UID:8312-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:San Michele di Ganzaria phytodepuration plant DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n San Michele di Ganzaria phytodepuration plant\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nMunicipal wastewater is collected from the houses of San Michele di Ganzaria (11\,000 population equivalent). From 2001\, the treated effluent from the conventional wastewater treatment plant of San Michele di Ganzaria was further followed with a tertiary treatment including two horizontal subsurface flow (H-SSF) constructed wetlands (CWs). The phytodepuration process’ water quality is monitored by chemical (nitrogen\, phosphorus\, BOD5\, COD\, SST) and microbiological parameters (E. coli\, Salmonella\, fecal Coliforms\, Enterococcus faecalis). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nThe treated water is pumped to a nearby uphill reservoir\, and from there distributed through underground pipes. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nVarious types of experiments took place with the reclaimed water from San Michele di Ganzaria. \nFrom March 2001\, the reclaimed water effluent was applied to 150 ha of nearby located olive orchards. Irrigation is performed with surface irrigation. \nFrom 2004 to 2009 an experiment was conducted on tomato crops with  4 different types of drip irrigation systems. \nFrom 2008 to 2009 an experiment was conducted irrigating eggplants (by surface drip irrigation) and tomato plants (by surface drip irrigation). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Phytodepuration: four horizontal subsurface flow (H-SSF) constructed wetlands treat the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater. The vegetation of the constructed wetlands was Phragmites sp. A decrease in both physicochemical and microbiological parameters was observed \n\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : Phytodepuration (see above)\nSuspended solids removal : none\nOther : \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe phytodepuration beds have a capacity of about 800 m³/day. The used storage basins have a total volume of 25\,300 m³. The facility works all year round and all the treated water is used only for irrigation purposes. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\nThe irrigated area covers about 80 ha\, serving 10 local farms. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe operational cost is about 2\,000\,000 euros and the maintenance cost is being defined. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nCurrently local farmers have organized themselves by establishing a consortium. The agreement between the municipality and the farmers' consortium in currently under development. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nA five-year monitoring study (from 2001 to 2005) (Cirelli et al.\, 2007) of the horizontal subsurface flow (H-SSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) showed  a good performance of the tertiary treatment. Parameters of TSS\, BOD\, COD\, Total N and Total P of the effluent met the Italian standards for agricultural irrigation use. Although the constructed wetland could achieve a sufficient removal of Salmonella\, barely 15% of the sample matched the E.Coli limits for irrigation reuse. \nAnother experiment (Cirelli et al.\, 2012) applying the reclaimed water in 2008 and 2009 to vegetable crops showed good results for tomato crops (22% higher yields) irrigated with subsurface drip emitters. The eggplants showed water stress due to clogging of the surface drippers (due to high levels of calcium carbonate and pH). \nThe six-year long trial (Aiello et al.\, 2013) assessing the risk related to reclaimed water irrigation of tomato crops concluded the following: “The TWW distribution along the irrigation seasons significantly affected soil hygienic features especially in the soil top layer. However\, a soil quality recovery was observed during the winter periods. No significant contamination was found on tomato fruits not in contact with soil and plastic mulching\, whereas a not negligible E. coli content was recorded under the worst-case condition of fruit growth in contact with the irrigated soil.” \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results references\nCirelli\, G. L.\, Consoli\, S.\, Di Grande\, V.\, Milani\, M.\, & Toscano\, A. (2007). Subsurface constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and reuse in agriculture: Five years of experiences in Sicily\, Italy. Water Science and Technology\, 56(3)\, 183–191. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.498 \nCirelli\, G. L.\, Consoli\, S.\, Licciardello\, F.\, Aiello\, R.\, Giuffrida\, F.\, & Leonardi\, C. (2012). Treated municipal wastewater reuse in vegetable production. Agricultural Water Management\, 104\, 163–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2011.12.011 \nVentura\, D.\, Barbagallo\, S.\, Consoli\, S.\, Ferrante\, M.\, Milani\, M.\, Licciardello\, F.\, & Cirelli\, G. L. (2019). On the performance of a pilot hybrid constructed wetland for stormwater recovery in Mediterranean climate. Water Science and Technology\, 79(6)\, 1051–1059. doi: 10.2166/wst.2019.103 \nVentura\, D.\, Consoli\, S.\, Barbagallo\, S.\, Marzo\, A.\, Vanella\, D.\, Licciardello\, F.\, & Cirelli\, G. (2019). How to Overcome Barriers for Wastewater Agricultural Reuse in Sicily (Italy)? Water\, 11(2)\, 335. doi: 10.3390/w11020335 \nRusso\, N.\, Marzo\, A.\, Randazzo\, C.\, Caggia\, C.\, Toscano\, A.\, & Cirelli\, G. L. (2019). Constructed wetlands combined with disinfection systems for removal of urban wastewater contaminants. Science of The Total Environment\, 656\, 558–566. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.417 \nLicciardello\, F.\, Milani\, M.\, Consoli\, S.\, Pappalardo\, N.\, Barbagallo\, S.\, & Cirelli\, G. (2018). Wastewater tertiary treatment options to match reuse standards in agriculture. Agricultural Water Management\, 210\, 232–242. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.08.001 \nRamírez-Cuesta\, J.\, Vanella\, D.\, Consoli\, S.\, Motisi\, A.\, & Minacapilli\, M. (2018). A satellite stand-alone procedure for deriving net radiation by using SEVIRI and MODIS products. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation\, 73\, 786–799. doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2018.08.018 \nCastorina\, A.\, Consoli\, S.\, Barbagallo\, S.\, Branca\, F.\, Farag\, A.\, Licciardello\, F.\, & Cirelli\, G. (2015). Assessing environmental impacts of constructed wetland effluents for vegetable crop irrigation. International Journal of Phytoremediation\, 18(6)\, 626–633. doi: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1086298 \nAiello\, R.\, Cirelli\, G. L.\, Consoli\, S.\, Licciardello\, F.\, & Toscano\, A. (2013). Risk assessment of treated municipal wastewater reuse in Sicily. Water Science and Technology\, 67(1)\, 89–98. doi: 10.2166/wst.2012.535 \nToscano\, A.\, Hellio\, C.\, Marzo\, A.\, Milani\, M.\, Lebret\, K.\, Cirelli\, G. L.\, & Langergraber\, G. (2013). Removal efficiency of a constructed wetland combined with ultrasound and UV devices for wastewater reuse in agriculture. Environmental Technology\, 34(15)\, 2327–2336. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2013.767284 \nM\, Politeo & Borin\, Maurizio & Milani\, Mirco & Toscano\, Attilio & Molari\, G. (2011). Production and energy value of phragmites australis obtainedfrom two constructed wetlands. 19th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition\, 6-10 June 2011\, Berlin\, Germany \nToscano\, A.\, Langergraber\, G.\, Consoli\, S.\, & Cirelli\, G. L. (2009). Modelling pollutant removal in a pilot-scale two-stage subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering\, 35(2)\, 281–289. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.07.011 \nAiello\, R.\, Cirelli\, G. L.\, & Consoli\, S. (2007). Effects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation on soil and tomato fruits: A case study in Sicily (Italy). Agricultural Water Management\, 93(1-2)\, 65–72. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2007.06.008 \nBarbagallo\, S. \, Cirelli\, G. L.\, Consoli\, S.\, Faro\, G.\, Giammarco\, G.\, Indelicato\, S.\, Pignato\, S.\, Toscano\, A. (2003) LA FITODEPURAZIONE DI ACQUE REFLUE URBANE PER IL RIUSO A SCOPO IRRIGUO: UN CASO STUDIO SICILIANO. Ingegneria Ambientale XXXII 34-40 \n  \n\n \n \n\n \n \n Additional information\nPDF:\nhttps://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/54.-Agricultural-wastewater-reuse-in-sicily.pdf" title="54. Agricultural wastewater reuse in sicily \n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/san-michele-di-ganzeria/ LOCATION:Italy CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ganzeria1.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151922 CREATED:20191107T075738Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191119T091952Z UID:8321-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Large-scale water reuse for agricultural irrigation in Milan from the Nosedo Waste Water Treatment Plant DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Large-scale water reuse for agricultural irrigation in Milan from the Nosedo Waste Water Treatment Plant\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe urban wastewater comes from the central eastern area of the City of Milan\, coming under the discharger emissary of Nosedo and the collector Ampliamento EST. \nThe water quality parameters for the influent and effluent are visualized in the following table: \n\n\n\nParameter\nIN (mg/l)\nOUT (mg/l)\n% removal\n\n\nBOD5\n170\n<5\n99\n\n\nCOD\n300\n<15\n97\n\n\nTotal N\n27\n6\,5\n76\n\n\nTotal P\n3\,5\n0\,9\n74\n\n\nTSS\n190\n<5\n99\n\n\n\nTotal coliforms in the reclaimed water average 40 – 200 CFU/100 ml\, E. Coli do not exceed 10 CFU/100 ml. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nDuring the irrigation period (April – September) the reclaimed water from the reclamation facility is discharged into a ditch called Roggia Verrabbia Bassa. This water is further derived to the fields by channels and ppen canals. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nIn the area served by the agricultural water networks Emissario Nosedo\, Roggia Vettabbia e Redefossi\, the farming system is mainly extensive and traditional with fodder crops (grass\, corn)\, rice and cereals. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Tertiary treatment technologies remove Nitrogen and Phosphorus to avoid eutrophication in the Po valley\, although relevant fertilizers for crops. N removal is performed by activated sludge recirculation with nitrification-oxidation followed by denitrification followed by the final decantation. To increase the N removal\, also Mobile Bed Biological Reactor (MBBR) and Integrated Fixed Film Activated sludge are used. P removal is carried out by chemical precipitation and gravity sand filtering.\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : Disinfection takes place using UV radiation and paracetic acid.\nSuspended solids removal : Coarse screening and fine grilling remove solid matter. Activated sludge bioreactors remove organic compounds.\nOther : Odour removal \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nThe total capacity of the wastewater treatment plant is 1\,250\,000 population equivalents\, a total annual volume between 135 and 150 hm³ is treated by the reclamation facility. From this volume\, 80 hm³ is used every year for irrigation purposes. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\n3\,700 hectares of land is irrigated with the reclaimed water. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe operational costs of the Nosedo wastewater treatment plant amount 0.139€/m3. The main operational cost component is the chemicals’ cost (30%)\, among other peracetic acid used for the disinfection. Other important operation costs are labour (21%)\, energy (20%)\, sludge disposal (15%) and maintenance (15%). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nThe farmers associations called Vettabia Consortium groups 84 member farmes. The Lombardy region only charges an annual  symbolic payment of 1\,827 euros to the farmer association for the use of the reclaimed water. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nMazzini\, R.\, Pedrazzi\, L. and Lazarova\, V. 2013. Production of high quality recycled water for agricultural irrigation in Milan. In: Lazarova\, V.\, Asano\, T.\, Bahri\, A. and Anderson\, J. (Eds) Milestones in water reuse: the best success stories. London: IWA publishing\, p. 179- 190. \n  \nZuccato E.\, Castiglioni S.\, and Mazzini R. (2009) Environmental pollution by drug residues. Ingengneria ambientale\, 7/8\, 353-357\nhttp://www.depuratorenosedo.eu/en/images/stories/in%20cop%20ia%207-8%20-%20art.zuccato.pdf \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/template-copy-2/ LOCATION:Italy CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/nosedo.png END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20500604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20500605 DTSTAMP:20210421T151922 CREATED:20191107T081542Z LAST-MODIFIED:20191119T092101Z UID:8326-2537913600-2537999999@suwanu-europe.eu SUMMARY:Large-scale water reuse for agricultural irrigation in Milan from the San Rocco Waste Water Treatment Plant DESCRIPTION:\n \n \n Large-scale water reuse for agricultural irrigation in Milan from the San Rocco Waste Water Treatment Plant\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water source\nThe wastewater source is a mixture of two main streams of municipal wastewater. About 40 % of the municipal wastewater of the municipality of Milan and part of discharge of the municipality of Settimo Milanese flow into the San Rocco wastewater treatment plant. The plant started full operation in December 2004. \nThe water quality of the effluent is monitored extensively on a daily basis. Besides internal monitoring\, also controls from the Milan town administration and the regional environmental agency verify conformity of the effluent. The Italian regulations define that E.coli might not exceed 10CFU/100ml in 80% of the samples when used for unrestricted irrigation. Some water quality parameters for the influent and effluent are visualized in the following table. \n\n\n\nParameter\nIN (mg/l)\nOUT (mg/l)\n\n\nBOD5\n168\n10\n\n\nTotal N\n35\n10\n\n\nTotal P\n35\n1\n\n\nTSS\n162\n10\n\n\n\nFrom an agronomical perspective\, the reclaimed water has adequate values with low sodicity\, low conductivity\, low toxic ions (boron\, chloride\, sodium) as well as low concentration of heavy metals. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nDistribution System\nPumps bring the water from the San Rocco reclamation facility towards two channels located 1.3 km further. From there\, the water is provided to the fields via an extensive (already-existing) network of open canals. This water transport is  gravity –based. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nFarming system\nThe main crops irrigated with reclaimed water in the area are corn (45%)\, rice (15%) and meadows and grasslands (40%). The area is located South of Milan and characterised by extensive and traditional forage crops and cereals. The first are usually irrigated by high pressure jets or low-pressure pivots\, while grassland and rice are flooded. This  agricultural area of particular landscape-environmental value is equally marked by the presence of a dense hydrographic network of irrigation ditches geb by the canal Roggia Ticinello. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nWaste water treatment description\nNutrient removal : Tertiary treatment technologies remove Nitrogen and Phosphorus to avoid eutrophication in the Po valley\, although relevant fertilizers for crops. N removal is performed by activated sludge recirculation with nitrification-oxidation followed by denitrification followed by the final decantation P removal is carried out by chemical precipitation and gravity sand filtering.\nPesticide removal : none\nDisinfection : Disinfection takes place using UV radiation. A low UV dose is applied for water discharge of the effluent in the Lambro Meridionale river during the winter\, while a higher UV dose is needed when the effluent is reused for agriculture or discharged in the river during the summer.\nSuspended solids removal : The tertiary rapid sand filtration removes besides P\, the suspended solids.\nOther : Odour removal \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCapacity\nIn 2011\, 72.8 hm3 water was treated in the facility of San Rocco. About half of this volume was produced during the irrigation period (during the summer months). Furthermore\, a share of this volume was discharged into the river\, resulting in 11.4  hm3 of annual reclaimed water for irrigation. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nExtent of the agricultural beneficiaries\n24\,630 ha agricultural area is irrigated with water originating from the San Rocco reclamation facility. \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nCosts\nThe total capital cost for the wastewater treatment plant (including reclamation facility) of San Rocco amounted 136.2 million euros. The Milan town administration financed this amount.\nOperational costs are estimated at 0.115 euro/m³\, from which energy represents the largest component (> 40% of the operational costs). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nType of agreement\nThe farmer are grouped in farmers’ associations in charge of the agricultural irrigation. The Lombardy region delivers the reclaimed water for free to the farmers\, and only charges the pumping costs to distribute the water from the reclamation facility to the main channels (27\,000 euros/year for the farmers associations). \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nScientific results\nMazzini\, R.\, Pedrazzi\, L. and Lazarova\, V. 2013. Production of high quality recycled water for agricultural irrigation in Milan. In: Lazarova\, V.\, Asano\, T.\, Bahri\, A. and Anderson\, J. (Eds) Milestones in water reuse: the best success stories. London: IWA publishing\, p. 179- 190. \nCastiglioni\, S.\, Bagnati\, R.\, Fanelli\, R.\, Pomati\, F.\, Calamari\, D.\, & Zuccato\, E. (2006). Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Sewage Treatment Plants in Italy. Environmental Science & Technology\, 40\, 357–363. https://doi.org/10.1021/es050991m \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \nAdditional information\n\n \n \n\n URL:https://suwanu-europe.eu/project/template-copy-3/ LOCATION:Italy CATEGORIES:Initiative ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://suwanu-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/san-rocco1.png END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR